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Algebra theory class 3 solved examples

Q1. x 2 + ( 2 a − 1 ) x + a 2 = 0 x^2 + (2a - 1)x + a^2 = 0 α , β > 0 \alpha, \beta > 0 α \alpha & β \beta are real roots of above quadratic & a a is integer, Find value of ∣ α − β ∣ |\sqrt{\alpha} - \sqrt{\beta}| . Solution: S 1 = α + β = − ( 2 a − 1 ) 1 S_1 = \alpha + \beta = -\frac{(2a - 1)}{1} α + β = 1 − 2 a \alpha + \beta = 1 - 2a S 2 = α β = a 2 1 S_2 = \alpha \beta = \frac{a^2}{1} α β = a 2 \alpha \beta = a^2 ( α − β ) 2 = ( α ) 2 + ( β ) 2 − 2 α β (\sqrt{\alpha} - \sqrt{\beta})^2 = (\sqrt{\alpha})^2 + (\sqrt{\beta})^2 - 2\sqrt{\alpha\beta} = α + β − 2 α β = \alpha + \beta - 2\sqrt{\alpha\beta} = 1 − 2 a − 2 a 2 = 1 - 2a - 2\sqrt{a^2} = 1 − 2 a − 2 ∣ a ∣ = 1 - 2a - 2|a| D ≥ 0 D \geq 0 a x 2 + b x + c = 0 ax^2 + bx + c = 0 1 x 2 + ( 2 a − 1 ) x + a 2 = 0 1x^2 + (2a - 1)x + a^2 = 0 b 2 − 4 a c ≥ 0 b^2 - 4ac \geq 0 ( 2 a − 1 ) 2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( a 2 ) ≥ 0 (2a - 1)^2 - 4(1)(a^2) \geq 0 4 a 2 − 4 a + 1 − 4 a 2 ≥ 0 4a^2 - 4a + 1 - 4a^2 \geq 0 1 − 4 a ≥ ...

Algebra IOQM theory - 2

1. If f(x), g(x) are polynomials with degree m,n each: A. Degree of f(x) + g(x) = max(m,n) B. Degree of f(x).g(x) = m + n C. Degree of f(g(x)) = m.n 2. Leading coefficient = coefficient of degree defining term 3. Monic polynomial => leading coefficient = 1 4. Dividend = Divisor * Quotient + Remainder f(x) = h(x).Q(x) + R(x) where h(x) is divisor of f(x) leaving quotient as Q(x) and remainder as R(x). f(x) has degree m. h(x) has degree n. then: degree of Q(x) = m - n. degree of R(x) < n 5. Factor theorem: A polynomial f(x) has factor (x-a) if f(a) = 0. f(x) = (x-a).Q(x) + r If r = 0 then (x-a) is a factor of f(x). f(a) = 0.Q(a) + 0 f(a) = 0 6. Remainder theorem: Remainder when f(x) is divided by (x-a) is f(a). Proof: f(x) = (x-a).Q(x) + R(x) But R(x) needs to have degree 0 since divisor is of degree 1. So R(x) = r = constant. f(a) = (a-a).Q(a) + r = 0 + r = r => f(a) = r. Hence proved. Ex1:  f(x) = 3x^2 - 2x + 1 Divide f(x) by x-2 and find the remainder. Solution: By remain...

Algebra IOQM theory - 1

Common identities: Common Algebraic Identities : (i) ( a + b ) 2 = a 2 + 2 a b + b 2 (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 (ii) ( a − b ) 2 = a 2 − 2 a b + b 2 (a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2 (iii) a 2 − b 2 = ( a − b ) ( a + b ) a^2 - b^2 = (a - b)(a + b) (iv) ( a + b + c ) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 a b + 2 b c + 2 c a (a + b + c)^2 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca (v) ( a + b ) 3 = a 3 + 3 a 2 b + 3 a b 2 + b 3 (a + b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3 (vi) ( a − b ) 3 = a 3 − 3 a 2 b + 3 a b 2 − b 3 (a - b)^3 = a^3 - 3a^2b + 3ab^2 - b^3 (vii) a 3 + b 3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 − a b + b 2 ) a^3 + b^3 = (a + b)(a^2 - ab + b^2) (viii) a 3 − b 3 = ( a − b ) ( a 2 + a b + b 2 ) a^3 - b^3 = (a - b)(a^2 + ab + b^2) (ix) a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3 a b c = ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a ) a^3 + b^3 + c^3 - 3abc = (a + b + c)(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 - ab - bc - ca) Let's spend some time on the last (ix) identity: a + b + c = 0   ⇒   a² + b² + c² = 3abc a³ + b³ + c³ = 3ab...

IOQM mock test 2 - pending from Q2 onwards

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  Q1(geometry):  AB is a chord in a circle with center O and radius 52 cm. The point M divides the chord AB such that AM = 63 cm and MB = 33 cm. Find the length OM in cm. Solution: Let's say OD is the perpendicular on AB. OD^2 = 52^2 - 48^2 = 400 OM^2 = 15^2 + OD^2 = 625 => OM = 25 Q2(combinatorics,set-theory):  If the number of triplets of set {A, B, C} such that (a) A, B, C ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 8} (b) |A ∩ B| = |B ∩ C| = |C ∩ A| = 2 (c) |A| = |B| = |C| = 4 is λ, then find the sum of digits of λ. (where |S| denotes the number of elements in set S) Solution: A can be constructed in 8C4 = 70 ways. B has to pick 2 numbers from A and 2 from A'(A's complement): 4C2*4C2 Let's say A is {1,2,3,4} B is {3,4,5,6} now. C has to pick 4 digits in 3 different ways: 1. It picks 3,4 from A (the same digits which B picked). Now it has to pick 7,8 from A' otherwise (b) given in question won't hold. So C = {3,4,7,8}.  2. It picks 1,2 from A (the digits which B didn't pick)....

Mock test 1 - Q30

Same as PRMO 2012 question . It just asks m + n - 2000.

Mock test 1 - Q16 - pending

 Q16 - In a quadrilateral ABCD, it is given that AB = AD = 13, BC = CD = 20, BD = 24. If r is the radius of the circle inscribable in the quadrilateral, then what is the integer closest to r ? Solution  - PRMO 2018 question Answer: 8

Mock test 1 - Q13 - pending

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Q13. Let ABCD be a trapezium in which AB||CD and AD perpendicular to AB. Suppose ABCD has an incircle which touches AB at Q and CD at P. Given that PC = 36 and QB = 49, Find PQ.  Solution: Let incircle touch BC at R CR = 36, BR = 49 Further let inradius = r So AQ = PD = r and AD = 2r Let perpendicular from C meet AB at S So BS = 13, BC = 85 (CS)^2 = 85^2 - 13^2 = 98*72 = 84^2 CS = 84 = PQ